Arthropods, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans, are covered by a hard exoskeleton that protects their soft innards and helps them get around. Molting, or shedding this shell, is necessary for ...

Crayfish have a long evolutionary history in temperate fresh water (FW). Ion regulation is challenged by low external concentrations of Na, Cl, and Ca (<1 mM). In intermolt the primary concern is Na ...

I read about this technique from a Wyoming fly-fishing guide years ago. The more I learned, the more I realized this approach can be duplicated in a variety of water — from our cold-water trout ...