To understand what is meant by "human subjects research" under the regulations, it is helpful to begin by reviewing the definitions provided by the regulations. After reviewing these definitions, if ...

How to reduce animal numbers and increase the information content of animal-based studies. A ‘well-built’ research question turns the research hypothesis into an actionable, focused, and testable plan ...

Designing good research questions goes well beyond the standard definitions of clarity, focus and tractability, and even beyond ‘novelty’ in the strictest sense. This Comment describes the iterative ...