This study introduces and compares two optimization techniques, the basic Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and the enhanced Artificial Bee Colony with multi-elite guidance (MGABC), for determining optimal ...
Precise and stable regulation of engine speed in spark-ignition (SI) systems has long been a central issue in automotive control engineering due to the inherently nonlinear, time-varying, and ...
Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.