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The skin barrier is essential to protect animals from the external environment. The proper establishment of the skin barrier during embryogenesis and its maintenance during adult homeostasis is ...

Living things have a remarkable ability to function and thrive in a variety of environments that are constantly changing. Despite exposure to wildly different temperatures during heat waves and cold ...

Regular physical exercise is another major factor. Walking, cycling, or light resistance work each day increases insulin sensitivity and gives muscles a way to absorb circulating glucose.

When improperly folded proteins build up in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cells become stressed and conditions such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers can develop. In a ...

The plasma potassium level is normally maintained within narrow limits (typically, 3.5 to 5.0 mmol per liter) by multiple mechanisms that collectively make up potassium homeostasis. Such strict ...

Well-being requires the maintenance of energy stores, water, and sodium within permissive zones. The brain, as ringleader, orchestrates their homeostatic control. It senses disturbances, decides what ...