Among the various sensing modalities available for bioprocess operations, index of refraction (IoR) is intriguing for its simplicity and capability for sample-less, real-time readout. A group led by ...

A property of a material that changes the speed of light, computed as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the material. When light travels at an angle between two ...

The Brix scale, derived from the refractive index of a solution at 20 degrees Celsius (68 Fahrenheit), is widely known. Originally, it was established by determining the weight percentage of sucrose ...

Ars Technica has been separating the signal from the noise for over 25 years. With our unique combination of technical savvy and wide-ranging interest in the technological arts and sciences, Ars is ...

The incident angle can be varied from 0 to 85 degrees. (In 5 degree increments using the +-5 buttons.) The index of refraction of the first medium is fixed at n=1.00. The index of refraction of the ...

The negative refraction of electrons in graphene has been seen for the first time in experiments done by physicists in the US. The work represents an important advance in the fabrication of graphene ...