How did the bodies of animals, including ours, become such fine-tuned movement machines? How vertebrates coordinate the eternal tug-o-war between involuntary reflexes and seamless voluntary movements ...

Locomotion in mammals depends on central pattern generators — networks of spinal interneurons that can produce rhythmic outputs independently of any modulatory input. However, the spinal activity ...

Spasticity of the biceps brachii muscle was assessed using the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Myotonometry and repeated passive stretch techniques, respectively. Fourteen subjects with chronic ...

How did the bodies of animals, including ours, become such fine-tuned movement machines? This paper cuts directly into critical debates about how the ancient spinal cord and the relatively new human ...