Learn how the carbon cycle works and how greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane disrupt it, shaping climate change ...

Abandoned fishing gear is fouling the water column throughout the world's oceans, in yet another symptom on the overfishing ...

Learn how climate change shifts weather patterns—driving more intense heat waves, floods, droughts, wildfires, and stronger storms through rising temperatures.

Learn how climate mitigation, adaptation, and resilience differ—and why effective climate responses must integrate all three to manage risk and build stability.

Learn how climate risk is assessed under uncertainty, why uneven vulnerability matters, and how precautionary, risk-based decision-making guides climate action.

Understand climate change beyond the headlines—how greenhouse gases, feedback loops, tipping points, & risk shape Earth’s climate.

Climate tipping points are thresholds within Earth’s climate system beyond which change becomes self-reinforcing and, in some cases, irreversible on human timescales. Rather than unfolding gradually, ...