Secondary production of species in multi-species assemblages can be used to quantify bottom-up linkages with flow webs, top-down linkages with ingestion/production webs and trophic position ...

The second consumers (trophic level 3) in the desert food web include birds and scorpions, and tertiary consumers making up the fourth trophic level include bird predators and foxes. Grouping all ...

Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level. A food chain differs from a food web because the complex network of different animals' feeding relations are aggregated and the chain ...

This list of concepts is divided into seven groups. Within each group is a set of related concepts, e.g. trophic levels, predation, food chain/web, energy flow, nutrient cycling, regulators. This list ...

While the oceans are now safe from the Megatooth, which went extinct an estimated 3.5 million years ago, Otodus megalodon has been revealed by new research to have occupied a higher position on the ...

This migration has rippling effects through food webs and ecosystems along the way ... Brandt says that where a species feeds on the food chain (called its trophic level), how long it spends in the ...

primary consumers are trophic level 2 and so on. Feeding (consumption). Energy flow. The transfer of substances such as carbon and nitrogen. Food webs show a number of food chains that are ...

A generic BAF model for fish. BAF-QSAR v1.1 provides estimates of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for generic fish species in lower, middle and upper trophic levels of aquatic food webs. The BAF ...

Recently, scientists studied how microplastics build up in the food web of the Galápagos Islands, finding that the penguins on the islands are severely affected by the bioaccumulation of these ...

This migration has rippling effects through food webs and ecosystems along the way ... a species feeds on the food chain (called its trophic level), how long it spends in the ocean, and how ...

Is flaxseed the new wonder food? Preliminary studies show that it ... to feed all those chickens that are laying eggs with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Although flaxseed contains all ...