Secondary production of species in multi-species assemblages can be used to quantify bottom-up linkages with flow webs, top-down linkages with ingestion/production webs and trophic position ...

The second consumers (trophic level 3) in the desert food web include birds and scorpions, and tertiary consumers making up the fourth trophic level include bird predators and foxes. Grouping all ...

Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level. A food chain differs from a food web because the complex network of different animals' feeding relations are aggregated and the chain ...

This migration has rippling effects through food webs and ecosystems along the way ... Brandt says that where a species feeds on the food chain (called its trophic level), how long it spends in the ...

While the oceans are now safe from the Megatooth, which went extinct an estimated 3.5 million years ago, Otodus megalodon has been revealed by new research to have occupied a higher position on the ...

Aquaculture, the golden child of industrial food production, promising to feed the masses while saving our wild fish. While ...

This list of concepts is divided into seven groups. Within each group is a set of related concepts, e.g. trophic levels, predation, food chain/web, energy flow, nutrient cycling, regulators. This list ...

primary consumers are trophic level 2 and so on. Feeding (consumption). Energy flow. The transfer of substances such as carbon and nitrogen. Food webs show a number of food chains that are ...

A generic BAF model for fish. BAF-QSAR v1.1 provides estimates of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for generic fish species in lower, middle and upper trophic levels of aquatic food webs. The BAF ...

Recently, scientists studied how microplastics build up in the food web of the Galápagos Islands, finding that the penguins on the islands are severely affected by the bioaccumulation of these ...

As researchers try to predict the effects of human modification at all trophic levels and mediate the impact of rapid ... exchange link trophic dynamics in freshwater and terrestrial food webs John L.