Lutheranism (1517) • Founder: Martin Luther • Reason: Protest against abuses, justification by faith, Scripture as final authority. Additional key facts: • He publicly rejected clerical celibacy. • He married a former nun (Katharina von Bora), which was shocking at the time. ⸻ 3. Anglicanism / Church of England (1534) • Founder: King Henry VIII • Reason: Rejected papal authority after being denied an annulment; established a national church. ⸻ 4. Calvinism / Reformed Tradition (1500s) • Founder: